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Eswatini

Kingdom of Eswatini

English, Siswati Swazi Lilangeni (SZL) Mixed: Roman-Dutch law, customary law
AU, SADC, SACU, COMESA, AfCFTA, Commonwealth, WTO

Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) is a small, landlocked monarchy bordered by South Africa and Mozambique. The economy is closely tied to South Africa through SACU customs revenue (which provides approximately 50% of government revenue) and the currency peg (lilangeni = rand). Key sectors include sugar production (one of Africa's largest), soft drink concentrate manufacturing (Coca-Cola subsidiary), textiles (AGOA beneficiary), and forestry. Tourism centered on wildlife reserves and cultural experiences is growing. Challenges include high HIV/AIDS prevalence, political concerns regarding democratic governance, youth unemployment, and economic dependence on South Africa.

Snapshot

Population~1.3 MWorld Bank, 2025
GDP (current USD)$5.2 BWorld Bank, 2025
GDP per Capita$4,108World Bank, 2025
GDP Growth4.19%World Bank, 2025
Inflation (y/y)~2.60%World Bank, 2019
Unemployment34.20%World Bank, ILO modelled estimate, 2025
Internet Use~63.40%World Bank, 2024
Electrification~80.00%World Bank WDI
CPI Score (Rank)30.0/100 (#130)Transparency Intl
HDI (Rank)0.597 (#144)UNDP HDR

World Bank Indicators Compare with another country

GDP (current USD)$5.2 BWorld Bank, 2025
GDP growth (annual)4.19%World Bank, 2025
GDP per capita (USD)$4,108World Bank, 2025
Population, total1.3 MWorld Bank, 2025
FDI net inflows (USD)$75.5 MWorld Bank, 2024
Inflation (consumer prices)2.60%World Bank, 2019
Unemployment (% labour force)34.20%World Bank, 2025
Internet use (% of people)63.40%World Bank, 2024
Trade (% of GDP)107.48%World Bank, 2024

Climate Readiness Full ranking

59out of 100
Established
Climate adaptation readiness for Eswatini, from 5 of 5 measured indicators.
Energy access8080.0% · 30% weight
Governance readiness3030 / 100 CPI · 20% weight
Human readiness600.597 HDI · 20% weight
Economic readiness65$4,108, 2025 · 15% weight
Digital readiness4747.0% · 15% weight
This scores climate adaptation readiness (adaptive capacity), following the readiness dimension of the ND-GAIN framework. It is built only from measured values already held on this profile and normalised 0-100. It does not measure emissions or physical climate vulnerability: the platform does not yet hold emissions, hazard-exposure or natural-capital series. Energy access is the single most climate-specific indicator held; the other four are governance, economic, human-development and digital readiness proxies. The economic sub-score is relative to the African countries the platform covers.
How this is computed

Adaptive capacity to absorb climate finance and adapt, following the readiness dimension of the ND-GAIN framework. Built only from measured values already held on each country profile. It is not a measure of emissions or physical climate vulnerability, which the platform does not yet hold.

  • Energy access (30%) — World Bank, access to electricity (% of population). The single most climate and energy specific signal held: SDG 7 and the clean-energy transition.
  • Governance readiness (20%) — Transparency International, Corruption Perceptions Index (0-100). ND-GAIN governance readiness: the capacity to govern and deploy climate finance. Higher is cleaner.
  • Human readiness (20%) — UNDP, Human Development Index (0-1). ND-GAIN social readiness: the adaptive capacity of the population.
  • Economic readiness (15%) — World Bank, GDP per capita (current US$), latest measured year. ND-GAIN economic readiness: the capacity to finance adaptation. Scored relative to the covered set.
  • Digital readiness (15%) — World Bank, individuals using the Internet (% of population). Information systems for early warning and adaptation.

A country is scored only when at least 4 of the five indicators are held. Sub-scores are weighted and renormalised over the indicators that are present; nothing is estimated for one that is absent.

Country Facts

CapitalMbabane
RegionSouthern Africa
CurrencySwazi Lilangeni (SZL)
FX RegimeFixed peg to ZAR (SZL = ZAR at par)
Legal SystemMixed: Roman-Dutch law, customary law
Time ZoneAfrica/Mbabane

Focus Sectors

Sugar
Soft Drink Concentrates
Textiles
Wood Pulp
Mining (coal
diamonds)
Agriculture
Manufacturing
Telecoms
Tourism

Regulations & Taxes

Corporate Income Tax27.5% standard
VAT / Sales Tax15% standard